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You can further scroll down and click the language menu to find meanings of JU in other 42 languages. Abbreviation Archives. States and Continents. Recent Posts. It was decided that each of the n! The members of the Representative Council, in turn, elected a Chairperson, a Secretary and one representative from each quarter of Nyae Nyae at the time there were three to form the five-person Management Committee.
The Committee became responsible for the day-to-day management of the development program and services provided to and on behalf of the community, funded largely by international donors. Megan Biesele characterizes the new representative structures as coming not from the people themselves, but as imported models and expectations.
Taken a step further, the early approach focused on the products of democratization i. This is not to say that international models of democracy and representative institutions as the products of that democracy are necessarily bad.
Rather, when such structures are imposed on indigenous people, the very process of democratization is ignored and local people are denied the opportunity to develop their models for adapting traditional ways to a modern world.
Early Institutional Dilemmas in Nyae Nyae. While the NNFC constitution and other documentation describes the externally-based leadership structures and communication roles the reality on the ground has continued to evolve. Between and , the Management Committee became an isolated decision-making body, often speaking on behalf of the community, making decisions for them and rarely communicating the results back to the community.
Ideas and inputs from the community for planning and implementation of the development program were rarely sought. Visits by the Management Committee members to the n! Interviews in January revealed that most community members were not aware of the Management Committee's current activities. Community members expressed dissatisfaction with the Management Committee, frequently stating that the members should be replaced.
Interviews also revealed that, while a representative structure might be in place, the changes in culture and social organization necessary to make the structure effective had not occurred. Community members who were interviewed continued to believe that no one could speak on their behalf.
Several respondents during interviews in January said that they had not "chosen" their representative to the Councilor and that they had no sense of one person having been selected to perform a representative role on the Council.
Several n! Furthermore, the roles and responsibilities of the various parties in a representative structure were not clearly understood. Community members did not see themselves as having rights to demand information and accountability from their representatives. In discussions with ten members of the Representative Council, all agreed that they were not sure how to perform their roles and that they required training in representative governance.
A number of factors have been instrumental in the council's evolution. In addition, given difficult logistics and the high cost of holding meetings, the Representative Council had generally met annually, rather than every six months as previously intended. The result was that the Management Committee began making decisions on behalf of the community.
Outsiders, including government representatives, donors and other individuals began to view the Management Committee as representative of the NNFC. In ancient Rome, conquered soldiers, stripped of their uniforms, might actually be forced to pass under an ox yoke as a sign of submission to the Roman victors. Even without an actual yoke, what happens to a population that has come under the control of another can be every bit as humiliating.
In dozens of countries throughout the world, ethnic minorities are denied basic rights and view themselves as subjugated by their country's government, army, and police. These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'subjugate.
Send us feedback. See more words from the same century. Accessed 14 Nov. More Definitions for subjugate. See the full definition for subjugate in the English Language Learners Dictionary. Nglish: Translation of subjugate for Spanish Speakers. Britannica English: Translation of subjugate for Arabic Speakers.
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