From , Premier Douglas Campbell led the coalition, although after , it was predominantly a Liberal government. His government survived two terms; during its years in office, many social reforms were introduced and government activity in the private sector was expanded. Between and , there was a dramatic realignment of provincial politics, beginning with the virtual disappearance of the provincial Liberal Party and the rise to power of the New Democratic Party under Schreyer and Howard Pawley.
In , Sterling Lyon led the Conservative Party to victory on a platform of reducing the provincial debt and returning to free enterprise, but his government lasted only one term. In , the NDP returned to power under Pawley. They were re-elected in The Lyon government, in fact, was the only one-term government in Manitoba's history to that time, as the political tradition of the province has been notable for its long-term stability, particularly during the era of the United Farmers of Manitoba and later coalition governments.
Typical of the social democratic initiatives of the NDP was the introduction of a government-run automobile insurance plan and the plan to purchase Inter-City Gas Co. The government's attempt to increase bilingual services within the province aroused old passions, however, and was abandoned.
Filmon's government was precarious, and the Liberal opposition was extremely vocal in its opposition to the Meech Lake Accord see also Meech Lake Accord: Document. Filmon went to the polls immediately following the death of the Accord in and eked out a slim majority victory. This majority enabled Filmon to finally dictate the legislative agenda, and he began concentrating his government's efforts at bringing the province's rising financial debt under control.
His government's success in this endeavour won Filmon an increased majority in April In the election, Selinger returned with a majority government. While Selinger survived the leadership race, he was ousted as premier about a year later. Pallister campaigned on promises of austerity. He vowed to reverse an increase to the provincial sales tax, as well as eliminate a budget deficit.
In the summer of , Pallister called a general election about a year earlier than required by law. According to Pallister, his government had met most of its promises and needed a new mandate from voters. On 10 September , the PCs again won a majority government, this time taking 36 seats.
On 1 September , Pallister resigned as premier. He resigned his seat in the legislature on 4 October. On 30 October, the Progressive Conservative Party held a leadership race. Glover refused to concede and launched a legal challenge. Stefanson, however, was sworn in as premier on 2 November. Most medical services in Canada are free. Money from taxes is pooled together to fund a health care system often referred to as Medicare. While the federal government sets guidelines, each province and territory is responsible for administering its own health care insurance plan; funding for the plan comes from both governments.
As with other provinces and territories, certain services in Manitoba are not covered by the provincial health insurance plan. These include going to the dentist, prescription drugs, and routine eye exams for those between the ages of 19 and In Manitoba, the government department responsible for administering the health care system is Manitoba Health, Seniors and Active Living.
See also Health Policy. The fight began shortly after the establishment of Manitoba as a province and led to a series of events now known as the Manitoba Schools Question. In , the Manitoba Act created the province of Manitoba, and also established separate Catholic and Protestant school systems; Catholics would receive instruction in French, Protestants in English.
However, in , the provincial government under the leadership of Thomas Greenway stopped funding Catholic and Protestant schools, creating a single, English-language public school system. If Catholics, most of whom were francophone, wanted to receive instruction in both their religion and language they would have to fund the schools themselves. Some religious education would be provided in the public school system, and in certain situations, instruction in languages other than English.
Teaching of any language other than English, or using another language to instruct a class, became prohibited. After a hiatus of over 30 years, French began to be reinstated in the public school system in At this time, French could be taught as a foreign language in secondary schools.
In , French began to be taught in grades 4 through 6. In , the government created a separate francophone school division. Assiniboine Community College operates in and outside Brandon and is responsible for all community college agricultural training in the province. Keewatin College offers certificate courses of one year or less, and diploma courses, mostly in northern Manitoba.
Red River College, located in Winnipeg , provides courses including applied arts, business administration, health services, industrial arts and technology. In , St.
Boniface French, Roman Catholic , St. Later, other colleges joined them, but in a realignment resulted in three distinct universities: the University of Manitoba , the University of Winnipeg and Brandon University. The University of Manitoba is one of the largest universities in Canada, with four affiliated colleges that provide instruction in French: St. John's and St. Paul's Roman Catholic ; St. Andrew's Ukrainian Orthodox ; and St.
Boniface, which is the only college providing instruction entirely in French. Manitoba is also home to the Canadian Mennonite University, which opened its doors in following the amalgamation of several Mennonite colleges. Winnipeg is located in the heart of Canada and has historically been a vital link in all forms of east—west transportation.
The York Boats of the fur trade and the Red River carts of early settlers gave way first to steamboats on the Red River , then to the great railways of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Subsequently, Winnipeg provided facilities for servicing all land and air carriers connecting east and west. Today, rail and road join Winnipeg with the principal mining centres of northern Manitoba.
During the long, cold winter, a complex system of interconnected lakes creates a network of winter roads. Major northern centres are linked to the south via major highways. Since , bush flying has made remote communities accessible; several small carriers serve the majority of northern communities. In , the Stevenson Aerodrome opened an airfield in St. By , Stevenson Field was the fourth largest civil airport handling more military traffic than any other airport in Canada.
Upgrades were also made beginning in the s to transform the facility into a modern passenger-oriented terminal.
As Canada's principal midcontinent rail centre, both the Canadian National Railway and Canadian Pacific Railway have extensive maintenance facilities and marshalling yards in and around Winnipeg. At Transcona, it maintains repair and servicing shops for rolling stock and locomotives, and Gimli has a national employee-training centre. In addition to repair shops and marshalling yards, the CPR has a large piggyback terminal. Formerly an army base, Churchill is also a research centre and a supply base for eastern Arctic communities.
The Manitoba Arts Council promotes the study, enjoyment, production and performance of works in the arts. It assists organizations involved in cultural development; offers grants, scholarships and loans to Manitobans for study and research; and makes awards to individuals. In addition, essayist, historian and poet George Woodcock , and popular historian Barry Broadfoot are also from Manitoba.
The Winnipeg Art Gallery , in addition to traditional and contemporary works, houses the largest collection of contemporary Inuit art in the world.
Built in and situated on the Red River 32 km northeast of Winnipeg , it is the oldest intact stone fort in Western Canada, preserving much of the atmosphere of the Red River Colony. The Forks, a waterfront redevelopment and national historic site, is the birthplace of Winnipeg.
Located at the junction of the Red and Assiniboine rivers, this site was an early Indigenous settlement and has been used as a trade and meeting place for over 6, years. Today, it is again a place where recreational, cultural, commercial and historical activities bring people together.
Among a number of historic houses is Riel House, home of the Riel family. York Factory , located at the mouth of the Nelson River and dating from , was a transhipment point for furs. Other points of historical significance are St. Heather Stefanson. Brown, Strangers in Blood ; K. Coates and F. Morton, Manitoba: A History 2nd ed, ; G. Friesen, Prairie West ; X. Government of Manitoba The official website for the Government of Manitoba. Click on "About Manitoba" for information about Manitoba's geography, history, climate, and more.
Search The Canadian Encyclopedia. Remember me. I forgot my password. Why sign up? Create Account. As observed on the map, the geologically ancient Canadian Shied covers almost half of the province and is generally a flat landscape of plains and plateaus, that is covered by large areas of coniferous forests and crisscrossed by numerous rivers and large lakes.
Some of the significant mountain ranges in the southwestern part of the province include the Duck, Pembina, and Porcupine mountain ranges.
Situated in the Duck Mountain Provincial Park is the Baldy Mountain, which rises to an elevation of m and is the highest point in the province of Manitoba. The Canadian Shield slopes gently to the northeast where it flattens out into the Hudson Bay Lowland area. This part of the land is covered by very thin soil and contains widely scattered forests and tundra. The central and southern part of the province is dominated by a large number of rivers and lakes.
Covering an area of about 24, sq. Some of the other notable lakes that are found here include Southern Indian, Nueltin, Cedar, Manitoba, and Winnipegosis. The Hudson Bay 0m forms the lowest point of the Manitoba province. The Canadian Province of Manitoba is administratively divided into a total of municipalities. Of these municipalities in Manitoba, there are 37 urban municipalities, 98 rural municipalities, and 2 local government districts.
The 37 urban municipalities are made up of 10 cities, 25 towns, and 2 villages. Rey D. The Meech Lake Accord collapsed after the self-imposed deadline passed. Wapusk National Park became part of Canada's national parks system when a federal-provincial agreement was signed providing for its establishment. This national park extends to the east and south of Churchill , Manitoba, and protects a representative sample of the features and wildlife of the Hudson and James Bay lowlands.
The water crested on the worst flood since in southern Manitoba. The new floodway and 6. Manitoba's NDP won a majority in a close provincial election. Leader Gary Doer became the new premier, ousting Conservative leader Gary Filmon, who had been premier for 11 years. Winnipeg -born golfer Nick Weslock died in Burlington , Ontario , at age It explores the history of the residential school system, the experience of former students and their families and the impact such institutions had on Indigenous peoples in Canada.
Over the next five years, six more events follow in cities around the country, with a national closing ceremony in Ottawa. Not a treaty, the self-government protocols give the First Nation more control over governing decisions involving economic development, land management, education, housing and utility management.
Born in on a farm near Oungre, Saskatchewan , Kives showed a natural talent for sales in his youth. He worked for several years as a travelling salesman before founding K-Tel International in the early s.
The company marketed everything from kitchen gadgets to compilation records, and became profitable under the leadership of Kives, who personally pitched products on K-Tel infomercials and even claimed to have invented this form of advertising. At the Paralympic Summer Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, wheelchair racer Michelle Stillwell completed the m race in a world record—setting time of It was her second gold medal of the Games after winning the m race a week earlier.
Kenny Shields, lead singer of the hard-rock band Streetheart , died in Winnipeg , Manitoba , at age The band performed and recorded until the mids, enjoying significant popularity in Canada and winning a Juno Award. Shields later went on to perform under his own name was inducted, with Streetheart, into the Western Canadian Music Hall of Fame in In , the Sayisi Dene were forcibly relocated from this land to the outskirts of Churchill , where they suffered years of extreme hardship.
Search The Canadian Encyclopedia. Remember me. I forgot my password. Why sign up? Create Account. July 17, Resources and Environment Total Eclipse Obscured An American expedition, including Nova Scotia-born astronomer Simon Newcomb, arrived in northern Manitoba to observe a total eclipse, but were thwarted by clouds on the crucial day.
September 20, Indigenous Peoples Treaty 5 Treaty 5 was concluded at Lake Winnipeg ceding an area of approximately , sq.
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